Coronary angioplasty, also known as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), is a medical procedure used to open narrowed or blocked coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle. This procedure is commonly performed to treat coronary artery disease (CAD), a condition in which fatty deposits (plaque) build up in the coronary arteries, restricting blood flow to the heart. Angioplasty helps restore blood flow, reducing symptoms like chest pain (angina) and lowering the risk of heart attacks.
Coronary angioplasty is a minimally invasive procedure that involves the insertion of a catheter through a blood vessel, typically in the groin or wrist, to reach the coronary arteries. The catheter has a small balloon at its tip. Once the catheter is positioned at the site of a blockage, the balloon is inflated to compress the plaque against the artery walls, thereby widening the artery and improving blood flow.
In many cases, a stent—a small mesh tube—may also be inserted during the procedure. The stent helps keep the artery open and prevents re-narrowing after the angioplasty.
Coronary angioplasty is a crucial procedure in the management of coronary artery disease. By opening blocked or narrowed arteries, angioplasty improves blood flow to the heart, relieves symptoms, and reduces the risk of heart attacks. With advancements in medical technology, angioplasty has become a highly effective treatment option with fewer risks and quicker recovery times compared to traditional surgery. As part of a comprehensive approach to heart health, angioplasty plays a key role in preventing long-term complications and improving quality of life for many patients.